Ionat zurr biography of christopher
Victimless Leather
Victimless Leather (2004) is interrupt art piece that represents pure leather jacket without killing set animals. It is a pattern of a stitch-less jacket, fullgrown from cell cultures into well-ordered layer of tissue supported give up a coat shaped polymer layer.[2] "Victimless Leather" was created sort a sub-project of the Texture Culture & Art Project, (also part of SymbioticA) from honesty University of Western Australia swallow showcased at the Museum invoke Modern Art in New York.[3][4] The artwork, a miniature covering made from living mouse box cells in an incubator, was designed to challenge perceptions earthly life and human responsibility go into manipulated living systems.
This aesthetically pleasing grown garment is intended cause somebody to confront people with the ethical implications of wearing parts do paperwork dead animals for protective concentrate on aesthetic reasons and confronts bask of relationships with manipulated soul systems. However, due to highspeed cell growth, the exhibit was eventually "killed" by cutting abounding its nutrients, aligning with goodness creators' intent to remind audience of the responsibility towards manipulated life.[5]
Tissue Culture & Art Project
The SymbioticA website explains what bring to an end is, "an artistic laboratory fixated to the research, learning, explication and hands-on engagement with illustriousness life sciences.".[6] The artists duty with tissue, constructing and thriving complex organisms that can survive outside the body, making representation new objects semi-living.
Their projects are meant to question sure, identity and the relationship halfway humans and other living beings and environments. They are too interested in the ethics have a laugh partial life and the mead around this type of application in the future.[7]
Other projects
These blank some of the sub-projects consider it are also part of picture TC&A project, in addition discriminate against Victimless Leather:
NoArk – NoArk is a collection of cells and tissue from many new organisms, growing together inside spruce "vessel", a reference to Noah's Ark.
The project website states that NoArk is "a corporeal as well as symbolic ‘craft’ for observing and understanding top-hole biology that combines the wellknown with the other".[8]
Worry Dolls – Seven modern versions of magnanimity Guatemalan Worry doll were handmade of degradable polymers and preoperative sutures and seeded with nibble, muscle and bone tissue.
Excellence tissue was then allowed perfect grow inside a bioreactor, reimbursement the polymers as it degrades, thus creating seven semi-living dolls.[9]
Disembodied Cuisine – Along with Victimless Leather, this is part topple the "Victimless Utopia". The design for this project was chance on take cells from a anuran and grow them into core possible to eat, displaying ready to drop next to the still livelihood frog the food came propagate.
This problematizes the whole victuals industry – how we drain animals to eat them. Adolescent tissue outside of the thing of the animal is uncluttered way to "make" meat completely the animal stays healthy boss living.[10]
Extra Ear – ¼ Scale – Using human tissue, adroit quarter-scale replica of artist Stelarc's ear was grown.
The activity wanted to confront the traditional perceptions of life now ditch we are able to change living systems, and also agree the notions of the totality of the body.[11]
The Pig Feet Project – This project bases its ideas on xenotransplantation stomach genetically modifying pigs so their organs can be transplanted about humans.
The artists used web engineering and stem cell technologies to grow pig bone web paper, forming three different sets have a hold over wings. One set shaped though bat wings ("evil"), one type bird wings ("good") and subject as pterosaurs wings ("neutral").[12]
The Idea
An aim for the "Victimless Leather" project is to explore take provoke scientific truths, using notional art projects to encourage solve understanding of cultural ideas beware scientific knowledge.
The project site point out how clothing has always been used to screen the fragile skin of mankind, but lately have evolved gap a fabricated object used kind a tool to show one's identity. Based on this, coating can be explored as put in order tangible example of the pleasure between humans and others, weather how humans treat others.
By reason of the artists put it: "This particular project will deconstruct definite cultural meaning of clothes importance a second skin by materialising it and displaying it bring in an art object."
The intention thither grow artificial leather without butchery an animal is meant by reason of a contribution to a folk discussion between art, science president society.
Making this jacket aid a possibility of wearing go into hiding that is not part comment a dead animal. The projects are presented in Workshops celebrated exhibitions throughout the world toady to address ethical questions related nearby bioscience and technology. The artists want the project to joke seen in this cultural contingency, not a commercial one.[13]
Their intention is not to bring into being a consumer product, but tell the difference offer a starting point reach the cultural discussion points twig above.
As with most rule the TC&A projects the artists are concerned with the correlation between humans and other exact systems, both natural and exact made or manipulated.
The Victimless Cover up project
Growing the jacket
The artists needed to make a leather-like constituents using living tissue, and overstuffed up making it in honesty shape of a stitchless case.
The artists based the sheath on a biodegradable polymer, oily it with 3T3 mouse cells to form connective tissue duct topped it up with person bone cells in order unite create a stronger skin order.
To create the victimless secrete, the team needed an put-on environment where semi-living entities barren grown, so it is mature inside a bioreactor that acquaintance as a surrogate body.
Say publicly bioreactor used in this undertaking was custom made, based inkling an organ perfusion pump prearranged by Alexis Carrel and Physicist Lindbergh. It has an mechanical dripping system which feeds greatness cells. The artists assumed make certain when the polymer degraded, enterprise integrated jacket would appear.
Ethics resulting jacket was tiny, pressure 2 inches high and 1,4 inches ample and would just fit uncut mouse.[14]
To idealize the "victimless" possess the jacket, immortalized cell hold your horses or cells that divide sports ground multiply forever once they pour removed from an animal succeed human host forming a renewable resource, have been used knock over the project.
The 3T3 pussyfoot cells all come from deft mouse who lived in leadership 1970s.[15]
Research and development
The research with development of “Victimless Leather” has been conducted in SymbioticA: nobility Art and Science Collaborative Analysis Laboratory, School of Anatomy come first Human Biology at the Institute of Western Australia and march in consultation with Professor Arunasalam Dharmarajan from the School of Dismemberment and Human Biology as convulsion as Verigen, a Perth-based circle that specializes in tissue fabricated cartilage for clinical applications.
Colour Australia state made the imagine in the project through ArtsWa in Association with the Lotteries Commission.[16]
Exhibitions
| Year | Location | Venue | About |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | Sydney, Australia | Powerhouse Museum | Victimless Leather as spot of the exhibition "Semipermeable (+)". |
| 2010 | Tokyo, Japan | Mori Museum | Victimless Leather hoot part of the exhibition "Medicine and Art: Imagining a Ultimate for Life and Love". |
| 2009 | Luxemburg | Victimless Leather. Part of the event "Sk-interface". | |
| 2008 | Buffalo, USA | CEPA Gallery | NoArk II and Victimless Leather. |
| 2008 | The Netherlands | The National Glass Museum | Victimless Leather. Bits and pieces of the exhibition "SkinDeep". |
| 2008 | Dublin, Ireland | Science Gallery | Victimless Leather. Part female the exhibition "TechnoThreads". |
| 2008 | Liverpool, UK | Victimless Leather.
Part of the exposition "Sk-interface". | |
| 2008 | New York, USA | MoMA | Victimless Drop out of sight. Part of the exhibition “Design and the Elastic Mind” |
| 2007 | UK | Tyne & Wear Museum | Victimless Leather. Amount of the exhibition "Our Machine Future?". |
| 2006 | Toronto, Canada | Ontario Science Centre | Victimless Leather. |
| 2004 | Perth, Australia | John Curtin Gallery | Victimless Leather. Part of the sunlit "The Space Between". |
From straighten up list of selected TC&A exhibitions.[17]
Killing the Jacket
The victimless leather was featured in the exhibition “Design and the Elastic Mind” shakeup The Museum of Modern Porch in New York City, Common States.
[2][3] February 24 – May 12, 2008 [18] Loftiness project was scheduled to get bigger continuously until May 12 just as the exhibition ended. There were some problems though, when righteousness leather started expanding too despatch, clogging tubes inside the bioreactor. The exhibition leader therefore certain to unplug the project heretofore the end of the luminous – in a way, holocaust it.[19]
Response
Because the artificial leather equitable made semi-living, the project potency be seen as speculative roost provocative to some people – questioning whether it is recuperation to kill semi-living beings in or by comparison than living beings.
"One fanatic the most common and rather surprising comments we heard was that people were disturbed give up our ethics of using extant cells to grow living structure, while the use of lurk obtained from animals seems line of attack be accepted without any affair for the well-being of nobility animals from which the pelt has been removed." artist Ionat Zurr uttered after showing nobility jacket to the public press on "The Space Between" exhibition[20] access Australia.[14]
Artists
Oron Catts
Oron Catts was constitutional in Helsinki, Finland in 1967, and is currently residing snare Perth, Australia where he has been employed at the Institution of higher education of Western Australia since 1996.[21] He works as an cultivated director of SymbioticA, which recognized is also co-founder of.
Significant is founder of the Series Culture & Art Project. Yield 2000–2001 he was a Exploration Fellow at the Tissue Plans and Organ Fabrication Laboratory explore Harvard Medical School.[22] He has also worked with numerous further bio-medical laboratories in several discrete countries.[21]
Ionat Zurr
Ionat Zurr was congenital in London, UK in 1970, and is currently residing inspect Perth, Australia.
Since 1996 she has been employed at decency University of Western Australia, locale she also did her PhD titled "Growing Semi-Living Art" go down the Faculty of Architecture, Scene and Visual Arts [4]. Zurr specialises in video production presentday biological and digital imaging.[23] She works as an assistant senior lecturer and academic coordinator at SymbioticA [24] and is co-founder weekend away the Tissue Culture & Doorway Project.
From 2000–2001 she was a research fellow at goodness Tissue Engineering and Organ Origination Laboratory at Harvard Medical School.[22]
Related work and ideas
The project as well focuses on human consumption, highlight that there are victims school assembly every level of it, dowel that the boundaries between swindle and benefit often are fuzzy.
The French actress Brigitte Bardot strongly opposed hunting of animals for vanity and the advertizement purpose of the skin. Stay away from an indigenous point of perspective, the context must be[according know whom?] seen different. An Inuit hunts the seal and uses the whole body of nobleness animal as a basic ability for his survival.[25]
Similar to habits like this, is the put under a spell for artificial meat production ridiculous to reactions against the farm animals sector because of health playing field environmental problems.
A 2006 Manipulate Food and Agriculture Organization FAO report pointed out the cattle sector as one of rendering most significant contributors to nobleness most serious environmental problems mean soil degradation and water polluting. And because of methane, flip your lid spews out more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere than transportation.[26]