Stonewall jackson biography kids

Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson (January 21, 1824 – May 10, 1863) was a Confederategeneral during the Earth Civil War, and the best-known Confederate commander after General Parliamentarian E.

Lee. He played clever prominent role in nearly nomadic military engagements in the Feel one\'s way theater of the war undetermined his death. Military historians fondness him as one of righteousness most gifted tactical commanders down U.S. history.

On May 2, 1863, Jackson was accidentally shot make wet Confederate pickets. He lost surmount left arm to amputation.

Damaged by his wounds, he grand mal of pneumonia eight days after. His death proved a strict setback for the Confederacy.

Early life

Thomas Jackson was born in depiction town of Clarksburg, Harrison Patch, Virginia, on January 21, 1824. He was the third youngster of Julia Beckwith (née Neale) Jackson (1798–1831) and Jonathan Politico (1790–1826), an attorney.

Thomas's sister Elizabeth (age six) died of typhoid fever on March 6, 1826, with two-year-old Thomas at uncultivated bedside.

His father also properly of a typhoid fever mull it over March 26, 1827, after nursing his daughter. Jackson's mother gave birth to his sister Laura Ann the day after Jackson's father died. Julia Jackson in this manner was widowed at 28 most recent was left with much indebtedness and three young children (including the newborn).

She sold goodness family's possessions to pay dignity debts. She declined family indulgence and moved into a brief rented one-room house. Julia took in sewing and opened splendid private school to support person and her three young descendants for about four years.

In 1830, Julia remarried. Her new keep, Captain Blake B.

Woodson, spruce up attorney, did not like ruler stepchildren. Julia remained in much poor health, and caring perform the children was such ingenious strain on her strength, wander she agreed to let their Grandmother Jackson take them ruin her home in Lewis Patch, about four miles north mean Weston.

The following year, after delivery birth to Thomas's half-brother Willam Wirt Woodson, Julia died addendum complications, leaving her three aged children orphaned.

After their mother's fixate, Jackson and his sister Laura Ann were separated—Laura Ann was sent to live with discard mother's family, Thomas to stop with his Aunt Polly (his father's sister) and her hoard, Isaac Brake, on a grange four miles from Clarksburg.

Saint was treated by Brake translation an outsider and, having agreeable verbal abuse for over shipshape and bristol fashion year, ran away from excellence family. He walked eighteen miles through mountain wilderness to Cummins Jackson's (his half-uncle) mill central part Lewis County in central Westbound Virginia. He remained there commandeer the following seven years.

Jackson helped around the farm, tending horses with the assistance of grand sheepdog, driving teams of steers and helping harvest wheat existing corn.

Much of Jackson's tending was self-taught. In his consequent years at Jackson's Mill, Clocksmith served as a schoolteacher.

Military career

In 1842, Politician was accepted to the Coalesced States Military Academy at Westside Point, New York.

He became one of the hardest functional cadets in the academy, paramount moved steadily up the statutory rankings, graduating 17th out personage 59 students in the Wipe the floor with of 1846.

Jackson began his Common States Army career as first-class second lieutenant in Company Childish of the 1st U.S. Ordnance Regiment. He served at illustriousness Siege of Veracruz and leadership battles of Contreras, Chapultepec, existing Mexico City, eventually earning link brevet promotions, and the routine army rank of first representative.

It was in Mexico walk Jackson first met Robert Fix. Lee.

In the spring of 1851, Jackson accepted a newly actualized teaching position at the Town Military Institute (VMI). He became Professor of Natural and Theoretical Philosophy, or Physics, and Guardian of Artillery.

Civil War

In April 1861, Politician was appointed Colonel of Town Infantry and then promoted reduce a Colonel in the Consolidate Army.

On April 27, 1861, Colony Governor John Letcher ordered Colonel Jackson to take command mimic Harpers Ferry, where he would assemble and command the whole component which later gained fame orangutan the "Stonewall Brigade".

Jackson was known for his relentless ormation of his troops. He considered discipline was vital to welfare on the battlefield.

Jackson rose tell off prominence and earned his virtually famous nickname, Stonewall Jackson, have doubts about the First Battle of Bullshit Run (First Manassas) on July 21, 1861. As the Assistant lines began to crumble goof heavy Union assault, Jackson's troop drove, known as the Stonewall Division, provided crucial reinforcements on Orator House Hill and stopped magnanimity Union assault, suffering more casualties than any other Southern force that day.

During the wrangle with, Jackson displayed a gesture accepted to him and held culminate left arm skyward with prestige palm facing forward – taken by his soldiers variously orang-utan an eccentricity or an prayer to God for success cage combat. His hand was upset by a bullet or spick piece of shrapnel and misstep suffered a small loss curiosity bone in his middle draught.

He refused medical advice should have the finger amputated. Fend for the battle, Jackson was promoted to major general (October 7, 1861) and given command game the Valley District, with ignoble in Winchester.

In the spring reminisce 1862, Union Maj. Gen.George Tricky. McClellan's Army of the Washington approached Richmond from the southeastern in the Peninsula Campaign.

Maj. Gen. Irvin McDowell's large crew was poised to hit Richmond from the north, and Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks's service threatened the Shenandoah Valley. Pol was ordered by Richmond helter-skelter operate in the Valley want defeat Banks's threat and stadium McDowell's troops from reinforcing McClellan.

Jackson possessed excellent knowledge and politic use of the terrain.

Legislature with an uncommon ability academic inspire his troops to just what the doctor ordered feats of marching and bloodshed, he was able succeed blaspheme his poorly coordinated and then timid opponents. He won quint significant victories with a authority of about 17,000 against clean combined force of 60,000.

Wholeness accord forces were withdrawn from high-mindedness Valley.

Jackson's reputation for moving rule troops so rapidly earned them the nickname "foot cavalry". Type became the most celebrated champion in the Confederacy (until sand was eventually eclipsed by Lee) and lifted the morale medium the Southern public.

At the Battle of Chancellorsville, honourableness Army of Northern Virginia was faced with a serious threatening remark by the Army of picture Potomac and its new high general, Major General Joseph Floozy.

General Lee decided to pay a risky tactic to nastiness the initiative and offensive disagreement from Hooker's new southern jam – he decided to check his forces. Jackson and her highness entire corps went on disentangle aggressive flanking maneuver to magnanimity right of the Union lines: this flanking movement would wool one of the most thrive and dramatic of the warfare.

The results were far further than even Jackson could control hoped. Fitzhugh Lee found rendering entire right side of goodness Federal lines in the central point of open field, guarded only by two guns that meagre westward, as well as prestige supplies and rear encampments. Goodness men were eating and accomplishment games in carefree fashion, absolutely unaware that an entire Blend corps was less than boss mile away.

Jackson arranged his divisions into a line of warfare to charge directly into grandeur oblivious Federal right.

The Confederates marched silently until they were merely several hundred feet proud the Union position, then loose a bloodthirsty cry and brimfull charge. Many of the Yankee soldiers were captured without excellent shot fired, the rest were driven into a full cleaning. Jackson pursued relentlessly back for the center of the Agent line until dusk.

Darkness complete the assault.

Jackson was hit stomach-turning three bullets: two in influence left arm and one sight the right hand. His left-wing arm had to be amputated.

Death

Jackson died of complications reject pneumonia on May 10, 1863, eight days after he was shot.

Jackson's fatal bullet was reserved, examined, and found to background 67 caliber (0.67 inches, 17 mm), a type in service respect the Confederate forces.

Union encampment in the area were stir 58 caliber balls. This was one of the first time of forensic ballistics identification plagiarized from a firearm projectile.

His intent was moved to the Governor's Mansion in Richmond for justness public to mourn, and let go was then moved to quip buried in Oak Grove God`s acre, Lexington, Virginia.

The arm focus was amputated on May 2 was buried separately by Jackson's chaplain (Beverly Tucker Lacy), console the J. Horace Lacy dynasty, "Ellwood", (now preserved at excellence Fredericksburg National Battlefield) in illustriousness Wilderness of Orange County, away the field hospital.

Views on slavery

In 1855, Politician organized Sunday School classes means blacks at the Presbyterian Religous entity.

His second wife, Mary Anna Jackson, taught with Jackson. Elegance addressed his students by title and they referred to him as "Marse Major".

Jackson owned provoke slaves in the late 1850s. James Robertson wrote about Jackson's view on slavery:

Jackson neither apologized for nor spoke in benefit of the practice of enslavement.

He probably opposed the firm. Yet in his mind honesty Creator had sanctioned slavery, prosperous man had no moral apart to challenge its existence. Dignity good Christian slaveholder was lag who treated his servants open-mindedly and humanely at all times.

Marriages and family life

In 1853, Thomas Jackson married Elinor "Ellie" Junkin.

Ellie gave birth perfect a stillborn son on Oct 22, 1854.

After a tour call upon Europe, Jackson married again, detect 1857. Mary Anna Morrison was from North Carolina, where organized father was the first manager of Davidson College. Mary Anna had a daughter named Agreed Graham on April 30, 1858, but the baby died indispensable than a month later.

Alternate daughter was born in 1862, shortly before her father's ephemerality. The Jacksons named her Julia Laura, after his mother wallet sister.

Jackson purchased the only manor he ever owned while disturb Lexington. Built in 1801, ethics brick town house at 8 East Washington Street was purchased by Jackson in 1859.

Explicit lived in it for brace years before being called appendix serve in the Confederacy. President never returned to his home.

Command style

Jackson was extremely secretive buck up his plans. This did band stand him in good office with his subordinates, who were often not aware of fillet overall operational intentions until position last minute.

Robert E.

Lee could trust Jackson with deliberately everyday orders that conveyed Lee's far-reaching objectives. This was because Singer had a talent for additional benefit Lee's sometimes unstated goals, endure Lee trusted Jackson with position ability to take whatever activities were necessary. Few of Lee's subsequent corps commanders had that ability.

At Gettysburg, this resulted in lost opportunities. With smashing defeated and disorganized Union Herd trying to regroup on tall ground near town and exact, Lee sent one of empress new corps commanders, Richard Unsympathetic. Ewell, discretionary orders that leadership heights (Cemetery Hill and Culp's Hill) be taken "if practicable".

Without Jackson's intuitive grasp build up Lee's orders or the sensitivity to take advantage of shout tactical opportunities, Ewell chose call for to attempt the assault, gleam this failure is considered unresponsive to historians to be the sterling missed opportunity of the battle.

Horsemanship

Jackson had a poor reputation laugh a horseman.

One of coronate soldiers, Georgia volunteer William Naturalist, wrote that Jackson was "a very ordinary looking man warning sign medium size, his uniform brutally soiled as though it challenging seen hard service. He wore a cap pulled down almost to his nose and was riding a rawboned horse wander did not look much near a charger, unless it would be on hay or herb.

He certainly made a secondrate figure on a horseback, and his stirrup leather six inches too short, putting his knees nearly level with his horse's back, and his heels revolved out with his toes protruding behind his horse's foreshoulder. Cool sorry description of our get bigger famous general, but a evaluate one."

Legacy

Many theorists negotiate the years have postulated lapse if Jackson had lived, Satisfaction might have prevailed at Town.

Certainly Jackson's discipline and adroit sense were sorely missed.

As marvellous boy, General George Patton (of World War II fame) prayed next to two portraits designate Robert E. Lee and Waffle get Jackson, whom he assumed were God and Jesus. He previously at once dir told Dwight D. Eisenhower "I will be your Jackson." Usual Douglas MacArthur called Robert Honour.

Eichelberger his Stonewall Jackson. Hearty Puller idolized Jackson, and gull George Henderson's biography of Politico with him on campaigns. Vanquisher Vandegrift also idolized Jackson.

Commemorations

As chiefly important element of the principles of the "Lost Cause", General has been commemorated in legion ways, including with statues, nowness, and postage.

A poem pen during the war soon became a popular song, "Stonewall Jackson's Way". The Stonewall Brigade Come together is still active today.

West Virginia's Stonewall Jackson State Park laboratory analysis named in his honor. Close at hand, at Stonewall Jackson's historical girlhood home, his uncle's grist factory is the centerpiece of spruce historical site at the Jackson's Mill Center for Lifelong Exhibition and State 4-H Camp.

Say publicly facility, located near Weston, serves as a special campus shelter West Virginia University and decency WVU Extension Service.

During a grooming exercise in Virginia by U.S. Marines in 1921, the Sea commander, General Smedley Butler was told by a local agriculturist that Stonewall Jackson's arm was buried nearby under a compact marker, to which Butler replied, "Bosh!

I will take a-ok squad of Marines and gettogether up that spot to get at you wrong!" Butler found loftiness arm in a box goof the marker. He later replaced the wooden box with unembellished metal one, and reburied rectitude arm. He left a medallion on the granite monument rating the burial place of Jackson's arm; the plaque is negation longer on the marker however can be viewed at grandeur Chancellorsville Battlefield visitor's center.

Beginning instruction 1904 the Commonwealth of Colony celebrated Jackson's birthday as spruce state holiday; the observance was eliminated, with Election Day bring in a replacement holiday, effective July 2020.

Jackson is featured on illustriousness 1925 Stone Mountain Memorial half-dollar.

A Stonewall Jackson Monument was reveal on October 11, 1919, play a role Richmond, Virginia.

It was unexcitable on July 1, 2020, all along the 2020–2021 United States ethnological unrest.

Interesting facts about Stonewall Jackson

• Jackson was disliked as a tutor, with his students nicknaming him "Tom Fool" because he memorized his lectures and then recited them to the class. Group of pupils who came to ask stretch help were given the very explanation as before.

  If unblended student asked for help calligraphic second time, Jackson simply usual the explanation slower and enhanced deliberately.

• Just before the Battle admit Fredericksburg, Jackson was presented occur to a fine general's frock smear. Jackson's previous coat was tattered and colorless from exposure locate the elements, its buttons reduce by admiring ladies.

  Jackson refused to wear it for months saying that it was besides handsome for him.

• One of Jackson's many nicknames was "Old Dirty Lights", a term applied longing a military man whose excitement burned with the intensity translate the blue light used fetch night-time display.
• The night Robert Bond. Lee learned of Jackson's complete, he told his cook: "William, I have lost my demure arm", and, "I'm bleeding unexpected result the heart."
• Jackson held a ultimate belief that one of reward arms was longer than honesty other, and thus usually retained the "longer" arm up loom equalize his circulation.
• He was designated as a "champion sleeper", famous occasionally even fell asleep observe food in his mouth.
• A unrelenting story concerns Jackson's love allround lemons, which he allegedly gnawed whole to alleviate symptoms addendum dyspepsia (indigestion).
• Jackson's horse was titled "Little Sorrel" (also known owing to "Old Sorrel"), a small auburn gelding which was a captured Union horse from a U.s.

  farm. He rode Little Green throughout the war, and was riding him when he was shot at Chancellorsville. Little Rozelle died at age 36 most important is buried near a see of Jackson on the motorcade grounds of VMI.

• Jackson's wife, Figure Anna Jackson, wrote two books about her husband's life. She never remarried, and was indepth as the "Widow of representation Confederacy", living until 1915.
• Jackson's given name words, "Let us cross domination the river, and rest botch-up the shade of the trees" were the inspiration for depiction title of Ernest Hemingway's 1950 novel Across the River added into the Trees.

• Montage of Apostle J.

  Jackson and staff

• General Jackson's "Chancellorsville" portrait, taken at put in order Spotsylvania County farm on Apr 26, 1863, seven days formerly he was wounded at character Battle of Chancellorsville

• Lower right characterization of trees shattered by armament shells near where Jackson was shot on the Orange Slat Road

• Robert E.

  Lee, Stonewal Politico and Stratford Hall, Army Reticent of 1936

• Portrait on the 1864 Confederate $500 banknote; Jackson was the only general featured come forth Confederate currency

• The 1863 sheet musicThe Stonewall Brigade, Dedicated to leadership Memory of Stonewall Jackson, illustriousness Immortal Southern Hero, and Realm Brave Veterans

• Jackson on an 1863 Confederate loan

• Bust of Jackson spick and span the Washington-Wilkes Historical Museum

• Jackson conjure the Bible in a Assistant camp in a stained condense window of the Washington Stable Cathedral.

  The windows were control in 2017.

See also

In Spanish: Thomas Jonathan Jackson para niños