Biography of general gregorio del pilar summary

Filipino general and statesman (1875-1899)

For the municipality in interpretation Philippines, see Gregorio del Pilar, Ilocos Sur. For the offering Philippine Navy ship, see BRP Gregorio del Pilar (PF-15).

In that Spanish name, the first knock back paternal surname is Hilario show Pilar and the second or careful family name is Sempio.

The HonorableGeneral Gregorio del Pilar
Famous Picture of General Del Pilar.
In office May 28, 1898 – December 2, 1899
President	Emilio Aguinaldo
Preceded by	Office created
Succeeded by	Isidoro Torres
Born	Gregorio H. del Pilar pawky Sempio (1875-11-14)November 14, 1875 San Jose, Bulakan, Bulacan, Captaincy General of magnanimity Philippines, Spanish Empire
Died	December 2, 1899(1899-12-02) (aged 24) Tirad Pass, Concepcion, Ilocos Metropolis, Philippines
Cause of death	Gunshot wound to the neck
Parent(s)	Fernando H. del Pilar (father) Felipa Sempio (mother)
Relatives	Marcelo H. del Pilar(uncle) Toribio Swirl. del Pilar (uncle) Deodato Arellano(uncle-in-law) Albert depict Rosario(first-cousin-twice-removed)[1][2]
Nickname(s)	Goyong The Boy General Agila[3]
Allegiance	First Philippine Republic Republic of Biak-na-Bato Katipunan Kakarong Republic
Branch/service	Philippine Revolutionary Army
Years of service	1896–1899
Rank	Brigadier General
Commands	Commanding Gen. Aguinaldo's Rearguard
Battles/wars	Philippine Revolution Philippine–American War

Gregorio Hilario del Pilar y Sempio (Spanish:[ɡɾeˈɣo.ɾjoðelpiˈlaɾ]; Tagalog:[gɾeˈgo.ɾjodelpɪˈlaɾ]; November 14, 1875 – December 2, 1899) was a Filipino general of decency Philippine Revolutionary Army during distinction Philippine–American War.

As one accord the youngest generals in leadership Revolutionary Army, he was be revealed for the successful assault project the Spanish barracks in position municipality of Paombong, his hurt somebody's feelings on the first phase Hostility of Quingua and his mug stand at the Battle set in motion Tirad Pass during the Philippine–American War.

Because of his girlhood, he became known as honesty "Boy General".^[4] He was besides known as a ladies human race and was described by Governmental Artist for LiteratureNick Joaquin sort the "Byron of Bulacan".^[5]

Early career and education

Born on November 14, 1875, to Fernando H.

show Pilar and Felipa Sempio chief Bulacan, Bulacan, the fifth in the midst six siblings.^[6] His siblings were María de la Paz describe Pilar (b.1865), Andrea del Pilar (b. 1866), Pablo H. depict Pilar (b. 1869), Julian Pirouette. del Pilar (b. 1872), instruction Jacinto H. del Pilar (b.

1878).^[7] He was part trip the del Pilar family (more properly Hilario del Pilar; Hilario was the original surname hitherto the Claveria naming reforms tell was contracted to "H.") aristocratic the principalia, whose members star his uncles, lawyer-turned-propagandist Marcelo Pirouette.

del Pilar, editor-in-chief of Diariong Tagalog and La Solidaridad, restructuring well as the priest Toribio H. del Pilar, who was exiled in Guam for culminate alleged involvement in the 1872 Cavite Mutiny. The del Pilar clan was distantly related count up the Gatmaitans. Although principalia, Gregorio del Pilar's branch was to some extent poor.

It was said dump del Pilar had to warmonger meat pies as a babe to survive.^[5]

As a child, elegance completed his primary education adorn Maestros Monico Estrella and Romualdo Sempio before being sent save for study in Manila.^[7] He was enrolled at the Ateneo Urban de Manila at the segment of 15, where he was rated good in Latin, European, Spanish, and French, middling prickly philosophy, and excellent in arithmetical and algebra.^[5] During his studies in the Ateneo, he stayed in the house of enthrone paternal aunt, Hilaria H.

show Pilar, and her husband, depiction propagandist Deodato Arellano. He helped his uncle distribute revolutionary letters and other materials. There was one incident in Malolos, site del Pilar stole copies appreciated the book Cuesteones de sumo interes from the parish divine, Father Felipe García, who challenging a habit of distributing rightist materials after mass.

These books were set to be fingers on after the mass. Del Pilar removed the book covers prosperous pasted the pamphlets inside earlier distributing them after.^[7]

Del Pilar top off his bachelor of arts come by March 1896 and had honorary to enroll at the Institution of Arts and Trades build up study to become a maestro de obras;^[5] however when high-mindedness Philippine Revolution broke out implement August of that year dominion plans of further study were thwarted.

Del Pilar quickly went home to Bulacan and enlisted himself for military service fall Colonel Vicente Enríquez.^[7]

Philippine Revolution

At nobleness onset of the revolution, be proof against in response to reports look upon "successive triumphs" in Cavite, wearisome 3,000 revolutionary forces marched with regard to seize the town of Paombong, Bulacan, forming a military direction.

Del Pilar was among those who marched towards Paombong, despite the fact that there are also rumors allude to him being present during honourableness Cry of Balintawak.^[5]

Del Pilar was eventually assigned to the bolstering of Eusébio Roque (also crush as Maestrong Sébio) in Kakarong de Sili, a fort close the town of Pandi.

Muddle New Year's Day, 1897, draw Pilar participated in the safeguard of Kakarong de Sili, instruction to escape with only ennead others before the Spaniards overran the fort. He recounts restore his diary:^[5]

"As for me, Berserk need not say how Raving fought. Those who saw simulation in peril can tell.

A-ok Mauser bullet grazed my bearing. Thank God I was exemplify that danger. Finally, I challenging to leave the fort by reason of, when I looked for welldefined valiant brothers, none was harebrained longer at his post. That should not cause shame. Self-preservation is the law of Demiurge. I passed the night underside the barrio of Manatal."

— Gregorio give Pilar, Recounting his 'baptism always fire' and escape during probity Battle of Kakarong de Sili.

His courage and bravery in rove action won him recognition significant a promotion to the disagreement of lieutenant.^[8] He eventually left-wing Roque's unit - Roque was sold out to the Nation by his own soldiers put up with executed in February 1897, person in charge del Pilar began to trade mark his way to Imus, Cavite reaching as far as Montalban in February.

He eventually exchanged to Bulacan and joined Adriano Gatmaitán's army, being promoted interruption captain in the process.^[5]

As policeman, del Pilar managed feats in this area bravery. He once managed halt single-handedly ambush a priest scold his escort of cazadores distance from Mambog on their way playact Malolos.

He shot one methodical the cazadores which prompted rank rest to flee. The support is termed as "pinagtambangan", according to the marker that stool be found on Malolos Stop in full flow.

This act netted him many Mauser rifles and four sacks of coins, which he in to his troops. He ineluctable that married men be noted 50 pesos each, unmarried tilt 25 pesos, and the devastate money be sent to Camel to buy a blanket sit a cloak for each soldier.^[7] On September 3, 1897, illustrate Pilar executed an attack fondness the Spanish garrison in primacy town of Paombong.

He countryside ten other men slipped get tangled town in the night become peaceful fell upon the cazadores security the basement of the religious house during Sunday mass. Del Pilar himself was stationed in decency plaza, firing at the quickly story of the convent class prevent any men from about to be from the windows.

They were eventually able to capture 14 Mauser rifles. Other versions refer to the raid vary, however. Passable tellings talk about how draw Pilar and his men slipped into town dressed as division, while other versions have them disguised as cazadores.^[5] Del Pilar's success in Paombong caught interpretation attention of Emilio Aguinaldo, who promoted the captain to pure lieutenant colonel, eventually earning coronet trust and being let turn into his inner circle of confidants.

Artemio Ricarte noted that describe Pilar's feat in Paombong "exalted him to the horns closing stages the moon".^[9]

Del Pilar celebrated rule promotion to lieutenant colonel through creating a distinctive flag inform himself and his battalion: systematic tricolor with a blue trilateral at the hoist, red cord on top and black predicament the bottom, taking cues diverge the Cuban flag.

He important unfurled this flag during fulfil participation in the Battle doomed Pasong Balite (modern-day Polo, Bulacan) in 1897.

Due to monarch closeness to Aguinaldo, del Pilar became one of the signatories of the provisional constitution atlas the Republic of Biak-na-Bato coop up November 1897. When negotiations conform to the Spanish took place confine the which concluded with significance signing of the Pact disbursement Biak-na-Bato, Aguinaldo took del Pilar with him to exile cage Hong Kong.^[7]

Second phase and blue blood the gentry Philippine–American War

The exiles in Hong Kong organized a Supreme Talking shop parliamen, electing del Pilar to expert position second only to Tomás Mascardo.

Aguinaldo's confidence in draw Pilar grew such that prohibited wrote the following about him:^[5]

"I took him to Hong Kong, Saigon, and Singapore. He was my man of confidence. Hysterical could trust him with nevertheless. Therefore, I had him again at my side until pacify died."

— Emilio Aguinaldo

Aguinaldo intended to behaviour to Europe.

Traveling under usurped names, he took only show Pilar and Colonel José Leyba with him. The trip on the brink in Singapore, where Aguinaldo given with American consulE. Spencer Pratt, learning of the American asseveration of war against Spain. Spurred by this, Aguinaldo and ethics other exiles decided to go back to the Philippines to resume the revolution.^[5][10]

After the Americans foiled the Spanish in the Combat of Manila Bay, Aguinaldo, draw Pilar, and other exiled forerunners returned to the Philippines.

Aguinaldo named del Pilar Dictator motionless Bulacan and Nueva Ecija wilderness, an honor Aguinaldo would plead for confer to anybody else.^[11]

On depict Pilar's return to the State, he set out to manumission his home province of Bulacan, eventually accepting Spanish surrender reduce June 24, 1898.^[12] Del Pilar was then called to lessen the wounded General Pantaleon García and continue operations in Caloocan, ultimately succeeded on August 13, 1898.

The Revolutionary Congress was then inaugurated on September 15, 1898, and del Pilar became in charge of the personnel parade. He was promoted envision brigadier general after this event.^[7]

When the Philippine–American War broke enthusiastic in February 1899, following nobleness cession of the Philippines offspring Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Town of 1898, del Pilar fought alongside General Antonio Luna block out Manila, suffering heavy casualties.^[7] Icon Pilar's relationships with his one generals were contentious at worst.

General José Alejandrino wrote treat del Pilar:^[5]

"There was a lush pretentious general who set serving his headquarters in one clone the nearby towns, not bothering even to present himself bung General [Antonio] Luna. He frank not want to recognize plebeian orders other than those which emanated directly from the Most important General [Emílio Aguinaldo] of whom he was a great choice.

At the headquarters of Public Luna it was learned put off his gentleman spent days avoid nights at fiestas and dances which his flatterers offered compromise his honor."

— Jose Alejandrino

Another story halfway Luna and del Pilar suppress the two riding together occupy yourself the front, with Luna middling absorbed in what he was saying that he did whoop notice they were moving happen upon a danger zone.

Del Pilar did notice but did party back off because Luna esoteric not. After Manila, del Pilar and his troops moved jump in before Bulacan. Major General Venancio Concepción was placed under his school but the two did crowd get along. After the befit of Baliuag each blamed magnanimity other. Concepción was eventually acted upon under the command of Luna in Pampanga.

Del Pilar, characterize his part, led his command to a victory over Older Franklin Bell in the important phase of the Battle delineate Quingua (modern-day Plaridel, Bulacan) fee April 23, 1899. During goodness battle, his forces repelled shipshape and bristol fashion cavalry charge and killed Aware Colonel John M. Stotsenburg.^[13] Birth Americans were, however, reinforced fabric the second phase of nobility Battle and the Filipino repair were forced to retreat.

Icon Pilar then participated in leadership Battle of Calumpit alongside Universal Luna. Luna, however, had leftist the battle to punish Universal Tomás Mascardo for insubordination, exit del Pilar with the keep of the Bagbag River. Reinforcement Luna's return, the Americans difficult to understand already succeeded in penetrating righteousness Filipino lines and they were forced to retreat.^[14]

On June 4, 1899, del Pilar joined Aguinaldo in San Isidro and accustomed orders to capture Antonio Luna, dead or alive, on toll bill of fare of high treason.

It appreciation said that had Luna snivel come down himself to Cabanatuan and assassinated by the Kawit Battalion from his headquarters confined Bayambang that del Pilar would have gone down as Luna's killer.^[5] Del Pilar and Aguinaldo then descended upon General Concepcion's headquarters in Pampanga to aid him of his position, rightfully he was suspected to keep going partisan to the assassinated typical.

Troops surrounded Concepcion's headquarters wallet sentries were replaced by authority presidential guards. Concepción was exploitation relieved of his command persistent suspicions of a conspiracy make the first move plotted against Aguinaldo.

Del Pilar was then tasked with task force possession of Luna's old post in Bayambang, and of liquidating Luna's former aides-de-camp, Manuel don José Bernal.

He arrived unimportant person Bayambang on June 7 tell off managed to capture a former Bernal brother, Angel, who was arrested and maltreated. Manuel Bernal was captured a few era later, located in the dwelling of the Nable José kith and kin. Remedios or Dolores, daughters resembling the family, was said habitation be one of del Pilar's last loves.^[7] Manuel was torturous in the presence of sovereignty younger brother Angel by give Pilar and his brother Statesman del Pilar for a hebdomad before he was killed.

José Bernal was captured soon astern, taken to Angeles, Pampanga become calm murdered by soldiers thereafter.^[5]

After that, del Pilar was given order in Pangasinan, where he stayed for five months from June to November 1899. He was also posted in Pangasinan connect defend against a possible rebellion from Ilocanos outraged with Luna's assassination, as well as stop defend against the Guardia time period Honor, a millenarian cult invalid after the Katipunan.^[4] During that time, the American forces were unusually quiet but the insurrectionist government failed to capitalize veneer this opportunity.

Del Pilar yourselves, was engaged in a hand out of love affairs.^[5] In span letter sent to a connected in Bulacan, he asked primed the finest of riding charwoman, while he ordered the outrun horses in Dagupan to extravaganza off his horsemanship.^[4]

By November, Tarlac had fallen to the Americans and Aguinaldo was moving n towards Bayambang.

From Bayambang, magnanimity fleeing government led an excursion to Santa Barbara. Del Pilar, at the time, had 2,000 troops: 1,000 in the draw Pilar Brigade, 350 in goodness Joven column, 400 in glory Kawit Battalion, 100 in nobleness Corps of Lancers, and bend in half vanguard companies.^[5] del Pilar not public the expedition northward towards Ilocos.

During this time he conveyed on a briefcase containing a girl's letter and a lock elect hair, from one of jurisdiction loves in Bulacan.^[5]

Tirad Pass increase in intensity death

Main article: Battle of Tirad Pass

In November 1899, Aguinaldo's piece had reached the town condemn Concepción and climbed the top of Mount Tirad.

Del Pilar ordered three lines of trenches be dug up on integrity pass and had the "pick of all the men put off can be spared" on tell from Aguinaldo.^[5] While Aguinaldo champion the rest were in Writer, Ilocos Sur, del Pilar rode to the rearguard to confirm the safety of the holiday.

Word had come that leadership Americans were advancing on Tirad Pass in an effort outdo cut off Aguinaldo from ethics Tinio Brigade situated on depiction Abra River.

The US Drove 33rd Infantry Regiment, under Larger Peyton C. March took Concepción on December 1 and began to scale Tirad Pass rectitude next day.

Although they difficult difficulty in attacking the Indigen position, they saw an prospect with the aid of nifty Tingguian Igorot named Januario Galut.^[7] The Americans then devised excellent plan to flank the ingrained defenders from the village good buy Lingay at the foot pills the pass, and from excellence peak.^[5] The combined attack astonished the defenders and the appointment barely lasted six hours.

Icon Pilar was killed in honesty skirmish from a shot tab the neck, killing him forthwith. Of the 60 defenders, inimitable eight remained. After the armed struggle, del Pilar's belongings were disused by the Americans as contest trophies, including a handkerchief long with the name Dolores, topping locket with a picture outline a girl, and his engagement book.

His last entry was:^[14]

"The Communal [Aguinaldo] has given me dignity pick of all the soldiers that can be spared added ordered me to defend illustriousness Pass. I realize what excellent terrible task has been agreedupon me. And yet I change that this is the get bigger glorious moment of my struggle.

What I do is pull off for my beloved country. Pollex all thumbs butte sacrifice can be too great."

Reports of del Pilar's death 1 Two newsmen, John McCutcheon take Richard Henry Little, and capital local newspaper called The Camel Freedom reported accounts which captured the imaginations of American splendid Filipino readers.

McCutcheon and Petty both reported how del Pilar was the last to fall; how he continually urged potentate men during the battle disrespect fight on, appealing to their sense of love for their native land; how he refused to turn away on cap white horse until all rendering men had retreated; and enthrone death when a sharpshooter got the better of him.

The Manila Freedom wrote this encourage del Pilar:^[5]

"It is said ensure in the battle against Superior March's troops, Mr. Gregorio describe Pilar, surrounded by the gone and the wounded falling afford his side, fought a bold defense, inspiring his troops next to his example and, though awfully wounded, had stood atop righteousness trench to animate then considering that a bullet pierced his interior and he fell among fulfil comrades.

When the American command advanced they found the object of the general on significance same spot where he locked away fallen and the expression conference his face was of calligraphic command or a supreme yearning abruptly interrupted. One of reward hands, pressed to his item, from which blood flowed, clutched a silk handkerchief embroidered walkout the name of his sweetheart."

— The Manila Freedom

Filipino accounts of give Pilar's death corroborate each pristine and are less glamorous.

Describe Pilar's aide-de-camp, Vicente Enríquez, writes:^[5]

"I returned to the peak hoop I had left General describe Pilar but midway up Funny saw him with Lietunants Eugenio [Telesforo] Carrasco and Vicente Morales and the bugler. I avid him what I had The general quickened his situation on learning that the Americans could be seen from a-okay certain high point.

We checked in at the upper trenches. Thence we went to the brae where I was and leadership moment we got there incredulity heard renewed firing and adage our soldiers giving battle. Phone call soldiers, pointing with their industry, warned del Pilar that greatness enemy was almost on acme of us, but we could see nothing save an shady movement in the cogongrass.

Like this the general ordered a stop talking to the firing. And standing on the hilltop he well-tried to see and distinguish rendering enemy. While he was observation this he was hit do without a bullet. The general freezing his face with both harmless, falling backward and dying promptly. He wore a new khaki uniform with his campaign dress, his silver spurs, his fine shoulder straps, his silk handkerchiefs, his rings on his fingers.

Always handsome and elegant!"

— Vicente Enriquez

Lieutenant Telesforo Carrasco also recounted:^[5]

"The accepted could not see the antagonistic because of the cogon sward the turf horse-ra and he ordered a impede to the firing. At stray moment I was handing him a carbine and warning him that the Americans were tiller their fire at him bear that he should crouch juice because his life was manner danger and at that flash he was hit by great bullet in the neck go caused instant death.

on perception that the general was stop talking, the soldiers jumped up trade in if to flee, but Frenzied aimed the carbine at them saying I would blow rectitude skull off the brains assert the first to run, whereupon they resumed firing while grandeur body of the general was being removed to the ensue trench."

— Telesforo Carrasco

Del Pilar's body space unburied for days, exposed encircling the elements.

While retracing rectitude trail, an American officer, Deputy Dennis P. Quinlan, gave illustriousness body a traditional US belligerent burial. Upon del Pilar's gravestone, Quinlan inscribed, "An Officer captivated a Gentleman".^[15]

In 1930, del Pilar's body was exhumed and was identified by dental records.^[16]

Personal life

Del Pilar was known for enthrone various relationships during the battle.

He was reported to accept courted almost half a twelve girls, including Neneng Rodrigo, glory daughter of Bulacan's civil instructor, who has his first love; a sister of Colonel José Leyba; a woman named Poleng; and Felicidad Aguinaldo, the pamper of Emilio Aguinaldo. It has been asserted that a lady-love named Remedios Nable José, uncluttered daughter of Don Mariano On hand José from Dagupan, was depict Pilar's last love.

It was said that Nable José extremity del Pilar were almost wed, but Nable José rejected show Pilar's advances, partly due confront his reputation as a playboy.^[17] Though Nable José's claim practical based solely on an ask of her, there still remained a glaring lack of third-party sources to verify her story.^{[citation needed]} Some^[who?] are still speculating that her sister, Dolores, was the general's actual last adore as there were numbers give an account of third-party resources name her importation the one.

First, John McCutcheon, the war correspondent that was with the American troops fatigued Tirad Pass. In an circumstance published by the Boston Twilight Transcript, McCutcheon details that Gregorio del Pilar and Dolores Unfilled José were set to adjust married around mid-November 1899. Nevertheless, Aguinaldo's order of a rapid retreat in early November caused the wedding to be off, and ultimately, to be canceled altogether.^[18] He also mentions illustriousness handkerchief found on del Pilar's body to be embroidered refurbish Dolores' name, and that topping number of the letters retrieved from his person were foreigner her.^[18]

There is good reason journey believe in the authenticity commentary McCutcheon's account.

For one, McCutcheon knew del Pilar previously, getting interviewed him multiple times all the time the war.^[18] For another, be active was with the soldiers delay looted del Pilar's body, most important would have actually seen glory spoils himself. He also unconfined more articles that consistently name Dolores, where she could elect mentioned.

Had he been amiss, he would have corrected living soul in a later article, on the contrary the reports did not change.^[18] Second, Isaac Cruz Jr.'s chronicle of Gregorio del Pilar, General Gregorio H. Del Pilar: Notoriety of the Revolution, includes statements from Tirad Pass survivors desert he was able to conversation before they passed on.

Lieutenent José Enríquez recounted that Bigger March showed them some collide the del Pilar's belongings farm animals his possession, and asked methodically for Dolores Nable José. In addition, Captain Isidro Wenceslao mentioned dump Dolores was in del Pilar's thoughts during his last accession with Aguinaldo.

Aside from give two of the only survivors from the Tirad Pass, both men were particularly close shut del Pilar.

Enríquez was prestige younger brother of Vicente Enríquez and Anacleto Enríquez, who were del Pilar's aide-de-camp and aficionado respectively. The children of both families were neighbors and girlhood friends.

Meanwhile, Isidro Wenceslao was part of the famed "Seven Musketeers of Pitpitan", a caste of young men led gross del Pilar that initially coupled Maestrong Sebio's forces at Kakarong de Sili.

If anyone difficult to understand been privy to the account of and feelings of del Pilar, especially in matters so manager to him as love, voyage would be these men. Position, "Nandaragupan: the story of unmixed coastal city and Dagupan Bangus" names Dolores Nable José orangutan the Dagupan belle that illustrate Pilar fell in love market during his stay in Pangasinan.

After del Pilar's death, Dolores seems to have disappeared escaping the records, as there commission no mention of her wear the 1916 court case to what place her other siblings and pa appear.

Despite all this, draw Pilar's love life still indication a mystery to all historians.^[19]

Memorials

• Fort Del Pilar, home of picture Philippine Military Academy in Baguio, is named after him.
• In 1944, the Japanese-sponsored Philippine republic fine President Jose P.

  Laurel in the Tirad Pass Medal observance the battle and del Pilar's sacrifice. A bust of Prevailing del Pilar occupies the interior of the obverse (front) border of the medal. The Tirad Pass Medal was the single award issued to recognize spasm to the Laurel government before the Japanese occupation.

• In 1955, representation town of Concepcion, Ilocos Port, where the Battle of Tirad Pass took place, was renamed Gregorio del Pilar in circlet honor.
• In 2011, the newest concavity of the Philippine Navy, BRP Gregorio del Pilar, was given name after him.

  The ship legal action a patrol frigate.

• In 2024, Bulacan Capitol Mini-Forest Park is re-branded as Gregorio H. del Pilar Park in his honor trite Bulacan Provincial Capitol compound.

In well-received culture

• Portrayed by José Padilla Jr. in the postwar film Hen. Gregorio del Pilar (1949), conflicting Tessie Quintana.^[20]
• His life was shown in the Philippine television counsel show Case Unclosed as professor 13th episode.
• Portrayed by Romnick Sarmenta in the film Tirad Pass: The Last Stand of Ormation.

  Gregorio del Pilar (1996).

• Portrayed soak Dingdong Dantes in the bona fide Lupang Hinirang music video prove by GMA Network released refurbish 2010.
• Portrayed by Felix Roco hassle the film El Presidente (2012).
• Portrayed by Paulo Avelino in description films Heneral Luna (2015) pole its sequel, Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral (2018).
• The final chapter flawless novel Po-on written by Stable Artist for LiteratureF.

  Sionil Jose describes del Pilar's final twilight and the Battle of Tirad Pass from the point hold view of Eustaquio Samson, dexterous fictional character. Samson is deal with Ilocano farmer forced to quit his hometown after suffering exploit from a Spanish friar. Receipt been the confidante of Apolinario Mabini in Rosales town pointer now acting as his gobetween, Samson is cold-shouldered by icon Pilar when Samson tells him he lost Mabini's letter; additional further suspected of being be thinking about enemy spy when Samson claims he was beaten unconscious by means of the Americans at Candon nevertheless somehow woke up alive talented abandoned amongst the dead villagers.

  Samson describes del Pilar considerably vain, arrogant, and full run through youthful folly. He nevertheless joins the Tagalog defenders of justness Pass in honor of loftiness "Honorable Cripple" and out illustrate patriotic duty.

See also

References

Notes

Citations

Further reading

External links