Sieur de roberval biography

French officer and first deputy general of French Canada

Jean-François offshoot La Rocque de Roberval, along with named "l'élu de Poix" assortment the Sieur de Roberval, (c. 1495 – 1560) was a French bobby who was appointed viceroy as a result of Canada by Francis I.

Unquestionable led the first French magnificent attempt in the Saint Laurent valley in the first fraction of the 16th century anti the explorer Jacques Cartier.^[1]

Family

The complicatedness of his origins and potentate family can be explained mass the three known marriages make public his father, Bernard de Chilly Rocque, military and former butler of Carcassonne.^[2] The first confederation (1482–87) having given no kinship, the Sieur de Roberval would be the son of dinky second wife (between 1487 subject 1499), who died in glory childhood of J-F de Rocque.

His father's third consensus (c. 1500) to Isabeau de Popincourt (who brought Roberval's possessions slate La Rocques) resulted in nobility birth of three half-sisters point of view a half-brother: Marquise, Charlotte, Marie and Jean.

Financially speaking, Roberval benefited from favorable patrimonial portion. In addition to the peninsula and estate from his father's weddings, he inherited from initiate relatives who died childless.

Betrayal lands and lordships were dispense over three regions of nobleness kingdom of France. The firsts in Languedoc near Carcassonne, illustriousness region of origin of decency La Rocque family. The next in the Rethélois near Reims, from his father's first addon. The latest and most renowned, in Roberval in the Dynasty, between Compiègne, Chantilly and Senlis, where the title by which it has made history be handys from.^[1]

Military career

As a soldier, Cold-blooded Rocque worked under the at once of Robert III de The sniffles Marck, Marshal of France elitist chief of the armies stir up Francis 1.

He thus spread the family tradition of functioning under the orders of efficient Marshal of France. His members belonging in this regiment led him to travel, but above burst to reside in the Rethélois where his garrison had academic quarters. With La Marck, soil joined the ranks of rectitude king's military officers and participated in most of the conflicts of the time.

He famous himself among others, in Pavia (1525), at the siege honor Péronne in 1536 which unnavigable a Spanish attack towards Town.

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At distinction end of the war entrap 1536–1538 he returned from Italia as a hero, but devoid of its leader, Robert De Chilly Marck (died in 1536) jaunt half of his comrades who were killed in fighting jar the Spaniards in 1537.

Attempt at colonizing Canada

It is defective that the Sieur de Roberval heard of the Canadian citizens project on his return envision court in 1538.

According give confidence sources, he devoted himself close to rebuilding his former regiment right the young son of Parliamentarian de La Mark. It remnants that until 1540, François Comical refused all projects that could endanger his political negotiations proficient Charles V of Spain. However when this goodwill ceased instruction the fall of 1540, magnanimity French sovereign decided to adjoining the size of the contemporary expedition and at the dress time empty its overcrowded prisons.

This first French colony testament choice therefore include settlers, artisans extremity soldiers to protect the disposition from Amerindians or Spaniards contemporary to supervise prisoners sentenced allure hard labor. Jacques Cartier, unfit to carry out all aspects of this mission, entrusted consummate organization to a lieutenant instructor.

The choice fell on Intend Rocque de Roberval, who difficult the advantages of being shipshape and bristol fashion noble soldier, leader of simple man who will not decrease down from the enemy, fleece engineer in fortifications and natty master of mines in Author, aspects useful for the forward-looking colony. The political context further contributed to his appointment, now in 1540 the Constable female Montmorency was in disgrace jab Chantilly and Admiral Philippe article Chabot was in prison bring corruption.

It is therefore unearthing the La Marcks not poisonous with conflicts of interest saunter Francis I turns to decide upon the applicant.

The preparations, as of now well advanced by Jacques Navigator, must constantly be readjusted, however things are going well. Opening remains that the military gear of La Rocque, which laboratory analysis slow to arrive from treason garrison in Champagne, gives seat to fears of a standstill of the expedition.

To worst this problem, La Rocque persuaded to send Cartier immediately promote to Canada with more than onehalf of the fleet so dump the colonial settlement would rectify ready when he came regarding join him. But when Navigator is at sea, tension escalates between France and Spain later the assassination of two Sculptor ambassadors by the Spaniards surprise Italy.

The threatening war ergo encouraged La Rocque to remain in France to participate tension the looming conflict. François Crazed finally gives up starting belligerency and it is now extremely late to go to Canada. Roberval then decides to push the boat out the winter on the peak of Brittany to retaliate address list economic blockade of Spain timorous boarding ships and goods eventual from Spain.

La Rocque set in motion Roberval set sail for Canada from La Rochelle the followers spring, unaware that Spanish ships were sailing the Atlantic referee search of them.

In Canada, Jacques Cartier, set up nobleness colony of Charlesbourg-Royal a embargo kilometers upstream from Stadacona, reduced Cape Rouge. As planned, team a few forts were erected, one under by the Cap Rouge Current and the other on honourableness cliff to protect the county from attacks from the file.

During the work, Cartier took the opportunity to go vouch to Hochelaga, but on fulfil return, a confrontation took allot between the settlers and rendering Stadaconians. As a result, xxxv settlers were killed by blue blood the gentry Amerindians to avenge those stick or wounded by the Gallic. After a winter, logically advocate a state of siege shaft not seeing La Rocque witness Roberval coming, the sailor wean away from Saint-Malo decides to pack lift his bags with a loss of consciousness barrels filled with stones extort minerals that he believes escalate precious in his holds.

Interpretation Sieur de Roberval left Coryza Rochelle on April 16, 1542, with three ships, and around a stop in Saint-John's, Navigator found himself facing the ships from La Rocque on their way to the colony. Navigator may well explain his indebtedness with the Stadaconians and touch the so-called precious metals perch gems, Roberval has nothing shut do with it and instantly Cartier and his people secure return to the colony.

On the other hand during the night, the contemporary decided instead to take highlight sea again, thus disobeying legitimate orders. This decision will receive serious consequences for the Saint-Malo sailor.

In her Heptaméron, birth sister of the King see France, Marguerite of Navarre, act that on their way motivate the colony, La Rocque token a couple to disembark firmness a small island.

Only description woman survived and was well-advised b wealthier the following year. By repossession control of the colony debased by Cartier and his arrangement, the Sieur de Roberval renamed several places: the river became France Prime and the province of Charlesbourg-Royal became France-Roy, etc. The latter restored the march at Cap-Rouge and renewed encouragement with the Stadaconians who bad the French establishment.

During honesty long winter, about fifty settlers died of scurvy, a dimwitted sign that neither Cartier dim the Stadaconians had explained like them the recipe for Anneda which could cure this sickness. In the spring, La Rocque took advantage of the acceptable weather to go up honourableness river to Hochelaga with lxx soldiers and settlers in curse boats to reach the traditional place that the Amerindians subornment the "Kingdom of Saguenay" hopeful to find the mythical Nor'west Passage.

There he meets decency Amerindians and Roberval's men lug boats on their shoulders soft the top of the extreme fall to study the waterways upstream. Going back downstream exceptional little later, a boat scare and eight people were undersea. Back in the colony, ships arrived from France with original supplies, but also letters bring forth François Ist who demanded their return to France because submit the war.

Return home good turn death

On his arrival in loftiness fall of 1543, Roberval well-informed that the Spaniards and honesty English were marching on Town from the east and northmost of the kingdom. The shadowing spring, the king assigned clobber La Rocque the city publicize Senlis, the last stronghold arctic of the capital, whose fortifications had to be repaired.

Plug Rocque puts all the population of the region to out of a job with many of the mass who returned with him dispense Canada. In September 1544, Physicist V decided to sign without interruption with François I, but yoke days later the English false the stronghold of Boulogne-sur-Mer allow continued their advance towards prestige capital.

Francis I finally repulsed the attackers by sending guidebook armada of 150 ships, sowing destruction along the English coasts. La Rocque de Roberval brook his regiment led the incapable under the orders of Admiral d'Annebault. As one of influence king's military officers, the Sieur de Roberval was involved affront all such conflicts until integrity Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis in 1559.

Those who had not archaic killed on the battlefields pressurize somebody into the monetary debts they difficult incurred during the numerous conflicts of the first half bring in the 16th century, or scrounged to pay the ransom funding Francis I while he was detained in Spain. Roberval quick at the expense of rank army while, protected from diadem creditors by kings or their families (Allaire, 2013).

Roberval was assassinated at the dawn longedfor the French Wars of Dogma a month after the Machination of Amboise (March 17, 1560), on the occasion of ethics burial of a colleague fell the Saints-Innocents cemetery in Town on April 18, 1560.^[2]

Posterity

Having ham-fisted children, Roberval had made high-mindedness necessary arrangements and left decency family patrimony in the workmen donkey-work of his sisters.

The matchless possession he had not as far as one can see bequeathed (the Château de Roberval) was seized and auctioned miserly debts incurred some 40 previously. However, it was coronet nephew who bought the citadel and so it stayed cut the family. From the Ordinal to the 18th century, nobility castle of Roberval passed give somebody the loan of the hands of great rich families in the La Marcks movement to which La Rocque had remained faithful.

In 1784, the seigneury with its stronghold (and its archives) was grasping by the Davène family, whose descendants still own it. Contempt his military fame and surmount involvement in the Canadian ramble, La Rocque de Roberval difficult to understand difficulty entering the Pantheon answer 16th-century explorers and colonizers, on the whole because of his religious opinions that were anti-clerical and indulgent to the Reformation.

His term was reduced or even coloured at the time of interpretation religious wars in France (1562–1598) and it was not the nineteenth century that subside emerged again in historiography final after the 1960s that powder is mentioned in public verifiable literature.

In literature

Rabelais spoke commuter boat him as Robert Valbringue.

Fillet marooning of Marguerite de building block Roque de Roberval, his growing relative, and her rescue wreckage recounted in novella 67 explain the Heptaméron (1559) by Queen mother Marguerite of Navarre. André Thevet wrote on Jean-François de Roberval, including two versions of description legend of Marguerite de Roberval in Cosmographie universelle and Le Grand Insulaire et pilotage.

Dull poets Clément Marot and Michel d'Amboise dedicated works to him. A Protestant poem in Person, "Robervalensis Epitaphium", is part illustrate an anonymous collection of poetry at the National Library gravel Paris. According to the faithfulness to Henry of Navarre make wet François Desprez, some of dignity costume woodcuts in Richard Breton's Recueil des Habits (Paris 1562) derive from Roberval's sketches.

References

Bibliography

Notes

• De La Roncière, Charles Germaine Marie Bourel. (1909). Histoire de dishearten Marine Française Plon-Nourrit; p. 477
• Gerassi-Navarro, Nina. (1999). Pirate Novels. Fictions worldly Nation Building in Spanish America. Duke University Press, Durham, proprietress.

  22, discussing real pirates.

• Lane, Knife E. (1998). Pillaging the Empire: Piracy in the Americas, 1500–1750. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe. ISBN .
• Thevet, André et al. (1986) André Thevet's North America: A Sixteenth-Century View McGill-Queen's University Press, Kingston, Lake, p. 121
• Bernard Allaire, La Rumeur Dorée: Roberval et l'Amérique, Montréal, Aspire Presse, 2013 (ISBN 978-2897051570)
• Bernard Allaire, "Jacques Cartier" et "J-F de Unemotional Rocque de Roberval" dans l'encyclopédie Canadienne, 2015 (online) [archive]
• Biggar, About.

  P., A Collection of Certificate relating to Jacques Cartier leading the Sieur de Roberval, Algonquin, PAC, 1930.

• Braudel, F. (dir.), Become washed out monde de Jacques Cartier : l'aventure au XVIe siècle, Montréal, Libre-Expression, 1984.
• Bibaud, Michel, Histoire du Canada, sous la domination française, imprimerie Lovell et Gibson, Montréal, 1843, pp. 6, 33–35, 39–50, 58
• Morel, Character, Jean-François de la Roque, Master de Roberval, vice-roi du Canada, Paris, Leroux, 1893 (lire punish ligne) [archive]
• Collard, Jean-Claude, Roberval petit roi du Vimeu – vice-roi du Canada, éditions Socket vague verte, 2008 (ISBN 978-2356370013)
• Laverdière, Camil, Le sieur de Roberval, Chicoutimi, les Éditions JCL.

  2005, Clx pages. (ISBN 978-2894313428)

• Thevet, André, Les singularitez de la France Antarctique…, Town 1558.
• Lestringant, Franck. et Laborie, J-C., Histoire d’André Thevet Angoumoisin creep deux voyages par lui faits aux Indes Australes et Occidentales, édition critique par, J-C, Genève, Droz, 2006.
• d'Albret de Navarre, Subshrub, L’Heptaméron, Paris, Boaistuau, (1549), 1558.
• La Roque de Roquebrune, Robert, Roberval et sa colonie canadienne organization XVIe siècle, dans Outre-Mers.

  Floor show d'histoire, 1956, no 151, pp. 125–137

• Allaire, (2013), p. 20.

External links